7 Customer Acquisition Metrics You Should Track

Customer acquisition metrics measure how many new customers a business acquires and the costs associated with acquiring them.

It's not always feasible to rely on your existing customer base to drive revenue. Without a steady stream of new customers coming your way, growth will stagnate—particularly if you're selling products that don't naturally lend themselves to regular repeat purchases.

Customer acquisition metrics are the hard facts that indicate how effective your acquisition model is. Glowing data points act as evidence of traction, proving that you can attract new customers systematically—and helping build your case for more marketing budget.

But with so many data points at your disposal, it's essential to identify which truly show the effectiveness of your customer acquisition strategy. This guide shares the most important metrics, complete with benchmarks and recommendations for if you fall short.

Customer acquisition metrics

1. Customer acquisition cost
2. Customer lifetime value
3. CAC to CLV ratio
4. Acquisition rate
5. Return on advertising spend
6. Click-through rate
7. Customer retention rate
8. Churn rate
9. Cost per acquisition (CPA)
10. Time to conversion
11. Order frequency
12. Keyword ranking metrics
13. Domain rating

1. Customer acquisition cost (CAC)

Customer acquisition cost (CAC) measures the cost of converting someone into a customer. CAC includes all direct and indirect costs of acquiring a customer—like sales team fees, advertising spend, discounts used to lure customers in, and subscriptions for marketing automation software.

CAC = (sales and marketing costs + wages + overheads ) / customers acquired

Industry benchmarks: Average CAC varies by industry - SaaS companies typically see $205, retail averages $87, and fashion brands average $129.

CAC is an important metric for ensuring that acquisition strategies are financially sustainable. It's all well and good to drive 10,000 new customers this month, but if you only have 10% of your initial marketing budget left to spread out across the final two months of the quarter, that's not a sustainable customer acquisition model. Pace will slow down significantly, leading to confusion among both stakeholders and customers.

Analyzing CAC by channel also helps optimize budgets. For example, it typically costs $50 to acquire a customer on a saturated channel like Instagram, but just $23 on TikTok. It makes sense to reallocate resources—including your team's time and marketing spend—toward channels where you can acquire more customers for the same overall spend.

📌 Pro tip: Compare all of your most important acquisition metrics without leaving your Shopify admin. The all-new Analytics tab pulls data from all sales channels to show key customer acquisition metrics at a glance, and benchmark certain data points against others.

2. Customer lifetime value (CLV)

Customer lifetime value (CLV) represents the total value a customer brings to a business over their lifetime. It's the sum of all purchases, calculated by multiplying the customer value by the average customer lifespan.

CLV = Average order value × Purchase frequency × Customer lifespan

Industry benchmarks: Average CLV ranges from $168 for retail to $1,202 for subscription businesses. If customers tend to spend $120 each year and stay with your business for three years, your CLV would be $360.

With CLV, you can work backwards to find out which of your customer segments are most profitable, and allocate most of your resources to those channels. This will drive customers who bring the most revenue in the long term, reducing the need to constantly replace low-value customers with new ones.

The CLV metric also helps predict future revenue. If you drive 500 new customers through the acquisition model, for example, a CLV of $360 would predict $180,000 in revenue. This is powerful evidence you can take to stakeholders to show the value of marketing and request more budget.

3. CLV to CAC ratio

Both CAC and CLV are useful in their own right. Compared against each other, the ratio shows whether acquiring new customers is profitable in the long term.

CLV:CAC Ratio = Customer lifetime value / Customer acquisition cost

Industry benchmark: A good CAC-to-CLV ratio is 1:3, which means that for every dollar you spend on acquisition, you'll make back three times that amount over the customer's lifetime.

Balance is essential for maximizing profitability and sustainable growth. The last thing you want is to spend $100 acquiring a customer who'll only drive half of that in revenue throughout their lifetime. This strategy is unsustainable: The influx of new customers might make it appear like the campaign is a success, but you'll feel the negative impact on revenue in the long term.

The CAC-to-CLV ratio also helps demonstrate the ROI of your marketing efforts and gives you insight to optimize your new customer acquisition strategy.

Say your Google Ads strategy has the highest acquisition cost out of all channels at $50, whilecustomers who come your way through Pinterest ads have a lower CAC of $30. On the surface, it looks like you should readjust budgets and assign more to Pinterest—it's cheaper to acquire customers on that channel.

However, further digging shows that the CLV of Google Ads customers is $350, making the CLV:CAC ratio 1:7. Pinterest customers spend less and have a ratio of 1:3—meaning that although the upfront cost of acquiring a customer through Google Ads is more expensive, the long-term ROI is much higher and worth the initial outlay.

4. Acquisition rate

Acquisition rate is the percentage of your audience on a particular marketing channel who become customers.

Acquisition Rate = (Number of new customers / Total audience reached) × 100

Industry benchmarks: Typical acquisition rates range from 2-5% across most channels, with email marketing often achieving higher rates of 15-25%.

If you reached 20,000 website visitors on TikTok throughout the month and 900 of those people bought something, your TikTok customer acquisition rate would be 4.5%.

This customer acquisition metric helps gauge the effectiveness of campaigns in converting interest into actual sales. Vanity metrics like views, likes, and comments only paint one half of the story. (The story of the Instagram influencer who could only sell 36 T-shirts to her social media following of over two million springs to mind here.)

Low acquisition rate means there's a mismatch somewhere—it could be that your product offering doesn't match what you're advertising, or that there's no clear call to action to drive customers to your site. It could also signal conversion rate optimization (CRO) issues on your website: People are clicking through and engaging with content on the channel, but leaving once they interact with your online store.

5. Return on ad spend (ROAS)

Return on advertising spend (ROAS) is a financial metric that tells you how much revenue you generate for every dollar spent on advertising.

ROAS = Revenue from ads / Cost of ads

Industry benchmarks: Typical ROAS ranges from 4:1 to 10:1, with ecommerce brands generally targeting a minimum 4:1 ratio for profitability.

It looks at revenue in the short-term: how much revenue you make on the transactions directly attributed to the advertising campaign.

ROAS works similarly to the CAC:CLV ratio, but only includes advertising costs in the CACcalculation—leaving out other costs like salaries, subscriptions, and discounts.

If you're in negative ROAS, that's not to say the campaign is a complete write-off. Compare ROAS against CLV to determine whether each customer's next purchase will be profitable—you might lose $5 for every dollar spent on ads to acquire that customer, but if they spend $50 on their next purchase, there's still a net positive return.

ROAS is a metric that can be directly impacted by platform changes. Bushbalm, for example, experienced a 20% year-over-year decline in ROAS alongside attribution challenges. They turned to Shopify Audiences to build custom audience lists which their marketing team could target to acquire new buyers. The result: a 24% higher ROAS for those new ultra-targeted campaigns.

"Shopify Audiences has consistently outperformed our best campaigns by 20-30%," Bushbalm's cofounder David Gaylord said. "Sustained results across several three-week campaigns, and inflight ad performance measurement has helped us to invest in the right areas."

6. Click-through rate (CTR)

Click-through rate is the percentage of people who've clicked a specific link out of everyone who's seen it.

CTR = (Clicks / Impressions) × 100

Industry benchmarks: Standard CTR benchmarks vary by channel: Google Ads averages 2-5%, Facebook ads 0.9-1.6%, and email marketing 2-3%.

You can monitor click-through rates for almost any marketing channel, from clicks on your Facebook advertising campaigns to cart recovery emails—even touchpoints as small as how many people clicked the link in your Instagram bio.

CTR shows us how effective your campaigns are at convincing people to take the next step. Map out the journey someone takes from first becoming aware of your brand to making their first purchase, including the channels they're using, and check the CTR for each interaction.

Here's what that might look like:

• 0.95% click your product listing ad in Google Shopping results.
• Once they land on your website, 2.3% complete the email pop-up form to receive a discount code.
• 16.7% click the discount link in your welcome email.
• 4.5% of app users click the push notification to notify them of a new product drop.
• 0.5% of retargeted website visitors click the link in your Facebook retargeting campaign.

Benchmark the average CTR for each channel against your own data. For example: Say the average CTR of a Facebook retargeting campaign falls between 0.62% and 1.61%. This figure falls below the benchmark, so the brand should prioritize optimizing their campaign—whether that means building more targeted audiences, adjusting the copy, or using a different ad format.

7. Customer retention rate

Customer retention rate measures the percentage of customers who continue purchasing from your business over a specific period.

Retention Rate = ((Customers at end - New customers) / Customers at start) × 100

Industry benchmarks: The average retention rate in ecommerce is 30%, though this figure can be as low as 26% for apparel brands and as high as 31.5% for retailers in the pet industry.

Instead of generating the bulk of your revenue from new customers—which is risky when a change in platform regulations can see revenue drop overnight—implement a customer retention strategy that convinces those you've already acquired to spend more. It's cheaper to retain existing customers than to acquire new ones.

Customer retention directly impacts CLV. An impressive retention rate means the customers you acquire contribute more to your business over time, freeing up cash to spend on more expensive acquisition channels or experimental campaigns. You'll make that initial investment back during the customer's lifetime.

If you're falling below these benchmarks, implement retention strategies like:

• Loyalty programs
• Branded communities
• Proactive customer support
• Retargeted post-purchase emails or SMS related to the customer's order history
• Exceeding customer expectations (i.e., next-day delivery when you promised two-day shipping)

8. Churn rate

Churn rate measures the percentage of customers who stop purchasing from your business over a specific period.

Churn Rate = (Customers lost during period / Total customers at start) × 100

Industry benchmarks: Average monthly churn rates range from 3-8% for ecommerce, with subscription businesses typically seeing 5-7% monthly churn.

Churn rate is the inverse of retention rate and provides critical insight into customer satisfaction and product-market fit. High churn rates indicate issues with product quality, customer service, or value proposition that need immediate attention.

9. Cost per acquisition (CPA)

Cost per acquisition (CPA) measures the total cost to acquire a customer through a specific marketing action or campaign.

CPA = Total campaign cost / Number of acquisitions

Industry benchmarks: CPA varies significantly by channel - Google Ads averages $48, Facebook ads $40, and email marketing $12.

While similar to CAC, CPA focuses on specific campaigns or channels rather than overall acquisition costs. This granular view helps optimize individual marketing efforts and budget allocation across channels.

10. Time to conversion

Time to conversion measures the average duration between a customer's first interaction with your brand and their first purchase.

Time to Conversion = Purchase date - First touchpoint date

Industry benchmarks: Average time to conversion ranges from 1-7 days for impulse purchases to 30-90 days for considered purchases, varying significantly by industry and price point.

Understanding conversion timelines helps optimize marketing campaigns, budget allocation, and attribution models. Shorter conversion times may indicate strong product-market fit, while longer periods suggest the need for nurturing campaigns.

11. Order frequency

Order frequency measures how often customers make repeat purchases within a specific timeframe.

Order Frequency = Total number of orders / Number of unique customers

Industry benchmarks: Average order frequency varies by industry - consumables see 4-6 orders per year, while durable goods average 1-2 orders annually.

Higher order frequency directly correlates with increased CLV and indicates strong customer satisfaction and product stickiness. This metric helps identify opportunities for subscription models or loyalty programs.

12. Keyword ranking metrics

Keyword ranking metrics track your website's position in search engine results for target keywords related to customer acquisition.

Average Position = Sum of all keyword positions / Number of tracked keywords

Industry benchmarks: Top 3 positions capture 75% of clicks, with position 1 receiving 28.5% of clicks on average.

Strong keyword rankings reduce paid acquisition costs by driving organic traffic and improving brand visibility during the customer research phase.

13. Domain rating

Domain rating measures your website's overall authority and trustworthiness, impacting organic acquisition potential.

Industry benchmarks: Domain ratings above 50 are considered strong, with ratings above 70 indicating high authority that supports organic customer acquisition efforts.

Higher domain ratings improve search visibility, reduce paid acquisition dependency, and increase conversion rates through enhanced credibility and trust signals.

How metrics interconnect

Customer acquisition metrics work together as a cohesive system rather than standalone data points. CAC, LTV, and churn rate combine to provide a complete acquisition picture that reveals the true health of your customer acquisition strategy.

For example, a low CAC might seem positive, but when combined with high churn rate and low LTV, it reveals that you're attracting the wrong customers. Conversely, high CAC paired with strong retention and high LTV indicates a sustainable, profitable acquisition model.

Understanding these relationships helps optimize the entire customer journey: improving CTR and conversion rates reduces CAC, while enhancing retention and order frequency increases LTV, creating a compound effect on profitability.

Tracking and optimizing key metrics

Understanding industry benchmarks helps you set realistic goals and optimize your customer acquisition and marketing strategy.

The problem is that customer acquisition costs vary dramatically by industry due to factors like competition, market trends, and industry regulations. Different channels also limit how brands can reach customers on them—like Apple's cookie-tracking limitations, which caused advertisers to lose 40% accuracy on targeting algorithms and sabotaged an estimated $10 billion in ad revenue.

What's more important is knowing your "normal", and continuously tracking and optimizing customer acquisition strategies based on key performance indicators (KPIs) such as customer lifetime value (CLV), monthly recurring revenue (MRR), and return on investment (ROI).

Advanced data analytics and business intelligence tools are indispensable for tracking these KPIs and how they fluctuate based on changes to your customer acquisition model.

Shopify does all of this for you on autopilot, with no manual setup required. You'll even see how your KPIs compare against industry benchmarks, helping you figure out which percentile you're in—and whether your customer acquisition model is in dire need of improvement.

Minimizing customer acquisition cost

Marketing platforms are limiting how brands interact with followers to force them into paying for ads—and the sheer volume of comparable products on the market means you need to do something truly special to stand out from the noise.

Here are a few ways to minimize the cost of acquiring new customers:

• Optimize marketing campaigns. Make sure marketing efforts are targeted and effective. Shopify Audiences helps you build custom audience lists of the most interested buyers across the largest-reach channels, helping brands reduce CAC by up to 50% and increase retargeting conversions by up to 200%.
• Implement a customer referral program. Turn customers into brand advocates with a referral program that incentivizes them to market for you. The only cost you'll incur is the incentive. Allbirds, for example, rewards customers with $15 store credit when they refer a friend—much lower than the $129 average CAC for brands in the fashion industry.
• Invest in conversion rate optimization (CRO). Driving traffic to your website is the first half of the customer acquisition model—don't let your efforts go to waste with an underperforming website. Conduct a CRO audit to find bottlenecks that are causing visitors to leave. This might mean fixing unclear navigation, adding social proof, or using Shopify checkout—proven to outperform peers by up to 36%.
• Adopt new technologies. Don't be afraid to roll up your sleeves and experiment with new channels or technologies before they become the "norm." For example, Shop Campaigns has already helped leading brands like Caraway, Blueland, and Makari acquire new customers through the Shop app at a controlled cost.
• Forge partnerships. Lean on the influence of other creators and brands to reduce customer acquisition costs. Take Duradry, the deodorant brand that used Shopify Collabs to invite 250 creators to join its community and post about it on social media. The brand saw a 29% reduction in CAC and drove more than $50,000 in product sales.

Measuring customer acquisition success

Customer acquisition isn't an exact science—it's a series of experiments. It takes trial and error to figure out which channels, messages, and promotions drive the most valuable customers—those who don't need a huge outlay to acquire, but who will drive long-term revenue for your brand.

Luckily, you don't have to be a data scientist to unveil these metrics for your business. The all-new Shopify Analytics collects data across all sales channels—including your online store, social media storefronts, marketplace listings, and physical stores—to calculate customer acquisition metrics.

You can even slice and dice the data by channel to pull detailed insights, and build your own custom explorations to monitor key metrics and prove your value to stakeholders.